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Summary

Anesthesia, which is an integral part of daily care in veterinary hospitals, cannot be defined merely by the time that the patient is unconscious, but rather by a continuum of care that begins at home with the owner and does not end until the patient returns home to the owner for follow-up care. Anesthesia is a multidimensional procedure involving not only the patient’s individual characteristics but also specific and critical equipment, appropriate drugs and drug dosages, diligent physiologic monitoring and support, thorough client communication, and highly trained staff.

Caudal Mandibular Regional Blocks

For additional information on other dental nerve block techniques, see the 2019 AAHA Dental Care Guidelines for Dogs and Cats . Caudal mandibular (inferior alveolar) regional blocks  INDICATIONS: Dental and orofacial surgery on the mandible (i.e., dental extractions, mass removals, fracture repair, etc.) This desensitizes all tissues to midline on the ipsilateral side.  INSTRUCTIONS:  1.  Select and calculate the full dose of a local anesthetic, i.e., lidocaine (cats = 2–4 mg/kg, dogs = 4–6 mg/kg), bupivacaine (cats = 1 mg/kg, dogs = 2 mg/kg), or ropivacaine (cats = 1 mg/kg, dogs = 2 mg/kg).*  2.  Prior to the procedure or extraction is performed, choose intraoral vs. extraoral approach, based on clinical indication, and personal preference. 3. The mandibular foramen or nerve can often be palpated on the lingual side of the mandible, just rostral to the angle of the mandible and just caudal to the last molar in approximately the middle 1/3 rd of the mandible (as measured from dorsal to ventral). NOTE:  The foramen is often difficult to palpate in very small patients like cats and small dogs.

Local Anesthetic Techniques For Ovariohysterectomies

Intraperitoneal lavage technique for dogs and cats INDICATIONS: Feline and canine ovariohysterectomies. (This technique may be more effective than mesovarium block because analgesia will be provided at both the ovarian and uterine surgical sites.) INSTRUCTIONS: Select and calculate the full dose of a local anesthetic, i.e., lidocaine (cats = 2–4 mg/kg, dogs = 4–6 mg/kg), bupivacaine (cats = 1 mg/kg, dogs = 2 mg/kg), or ropivacaine (cats = 1 mg/kg, dogs = 2 mg/kg). If necessary, dilute the drug with saline–the total volume needs to be a minimum of 0.4–0.6 mL/kg to lavage or bathe the entire abdominal cavity. Immediately after making the incision or after completing the abdominal procedure but before closing the incision, “bathe” or “lavage” the peritoneal cavity with the local anesthetic by instilling it into the abdomen through the incision (literally just squirting it in the abdomen).* Close the incision as usual, leaving the local anesthetic in the abdomen.

Step 2: Client Communication/ Education

Once the initial plan is formulated, pertinent information regarding the anesthetic procedure and pet-specific risk factors should be discussed with the pet owner

RACE-approved Web Conference

As these guidelines emphasize, no two dogs are alike, and their veterinary care should be as individualized as they are. Each dog’s age and lifestyle factors should be considered by the veterinary team when making recommendations—including those related to spaying and neutering. This web conference delves further into this aspect of the guidelines. Available at no charge, this course is facilitated by Phil Bushby, DVM, MS, DACVS, who will provide in-depth direction on the ideal age to spay or neuter dogs and puppies to ensure their highest level of care.

Resource Center

Resources  from the 2019 AAHA Canine Life Stage Guidelines   for both pet owners and veterinary teams.

Canine Life Stage - Home

The guidelines are an update and extension of the AAHA Canine Life Stage Guidelines published in 2012. A noteworthy change from the earlier guidelines is the division of the dog’s lifespan into five stages (puppy, young adult, mature adult, senior, and end of life) instead of the previous six. This simplified grouping is consistent with how pet owners generally perceive their dog’s maturation and aging process and provides a readily understood basis for an evolving, lifelong healthcare strategy.

Lifestyle-based Vaccine Calculator

This tool is designed to stimulate conversation between veterinary teams and pet owners, as they work together to create individualized vaccine protocol for each cat.

How can I safely walk my reactive dog?

You can walk your leash-reactive dog safely around your neighborhood, but she will need dedicated training and management. Many canines are sweet and happy pets at home, but when they step into unfamiliar territory with strange people and dogs, they bark, growl, snap, or quiver in fear, making a simple walk around the block into a scary, stressful situation.

References

References for the 2020 AAHA Anesthesia and Monitoring Guidelines for Dogs and Cats .

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