The Why and the “Ow:” 7 Conditions That Cause Pain in Pets
Pain is the body’s way of signaling that something is wrong. Pain in pets, as in humans, is a protective response, intended to guard the body from further harm or injury. However, many painful conditions don’t go away on their own and require veterinary diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing your pet’s signs of pain and understanding common causes can help ensure your beloved companion receives expert care and timely relief.
How pets express pain
Dogs and cats instinctively hide pain and weakness, making recognizing that they are hurt or injured difficult. However, your pet’s behavior can provide clues about their hidden pain. Common signs of pain in pets include:
- Decreased activity or reluctance to move
- Limping
- Restlessness
- Reluctance to jump or climb stairs
- Unusual eating or drinking habits
- Excessive or decreased grooming
- Excessive whining, yowling, or purring in unusual situations
- Uncharacteristic aggression, fear, or attention-seeking
- Changes in how they stand or move
If you notice any of these behaviors, visit your AAHA-accredited veterinarian to identify and treat the underlying cause.
7 Common painful conditions in pets
Many conditions can cause pain in pets. Here are seven of the most common, plus some insights on why they require prompt veterinary treatment.
1. Dental disease
Dental issues are one of the leading causes of pain in pets and one of the most commonly diagnosed pet health conditions. Plaque and tartar buildup, gingivitis, and tooth and bone decay can lead to significant discomfort and affect your pet’s quality of life. Severe dental disease can lead to dangerous bacterial infections that spread to your pet’s heart, kidneys, and liver. Regular dental health assessments—part of your pet’s routine wellness exam—and dental cleanings under anesthesia are essential to preventing and managing this painful condition.
2. Arthritis
As pets age, inflammation in their joints (i.e., arthritis) can cause significant pain and decreased mobility. Arthritis can affect dogs of all sizes and breeds and is also common in cats. Once considered an age-related disease, arthritis can also affect young dogs and cats. Arthritis causes visible stiffness and reduced range of motion, making simple activities, such as walking, using the litter box, or climbing stairs, painful and difficult. Early arthritis detection and treatment can help manage pain and improve quality of life.
3. Injuries and trauma
Dogs and cats are active animals whose curious and adventurous nature can lead to painful injuries and accidents. Whether a mild sprain, broken bone, or a pulled muscle, traumatic injuries can cause acute or sudden pain that may become chronic without treatment. If your pet was involved in an accident, such as a fall or collision during rough play, your veterinarian needs to evaluate them to rule out serious internal injuries.
4. Ear infections
Ear infections can be an unpleasant and sometimes chronic cause of pain in pets. Ear infection signs include head shaking, scratching at the ears, and discharge or odor from the ear canal. Left untreated, ear infections can lead to chronic pain and hearing loss.
5. Urinary tract issues
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder stones, and inflammatory conditions (e.g., feline idiopathic cystitis) can cause significant pain, especially in cats. Urinary tract conditions may cause frequent urination, straining, accidents, increased vocalization, and bloody urine. Urinary issues can lead to a blockage and be life-threatening. Seek immediate veterinary attention If your pet is straining to urinate and acting abnormally.
6. Cancer
Unfortunately, cancer commonly causes pain in pets. Tumors, especially those affecting the bones, organs, or skin, can cause pain by pressing on other tissues and compromising normal body functions. Early cancer detection and treatment are vital for managing pain and improving your pet’s prognosis.
7. Digestive disorders
Gastrointestinal (GI) upset and conditions such as gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or pancreatitis can cause acute or chronic abdominal pain in pets. Visible signs may include appetite loss, vomiting, diarrhea, and a bowing or praying posture, although pets with chronic pain may display only subtle signs.
Undiagnosed pain can decrease your pet’s quality of life, impacting their overall health and happiness. Close, at-home observation and regular veterinary exams are essential for detecting and addressing painful conditions as early as possible, so your pet can live a life of comfort, companionship, and unconditional love.
If you suspect your pet is in pain, seek prompt and targeted relief by contacting your AAHA-accredited veterinarian.