Understanding Pancreatitis in Pets

During the holidays, which often include indulgent meals and stealing fatty table scraps, pancreatitis in pets is a real concern. Understanding pancreatitis, what causes the condition, and how to recognize the signs can help pet owners seek prompt treatment and prevent complications.

What is pancreatitis in pets?

Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, an organ that helps with digestion and regulates blood sugar by producing insulin. In healthy pets, the digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas are activated only once they reach the intestines. With pancreatitis, these enzymes are activated inside the pancreas, and the organ essentially digests itself and the surrounding tissue.

Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic:

• Acute pancreatitis — Acute pancreatitis, which involves sudden onset of signs, is severe and can lead to life-threatening complications.
• Chronic pancreatitis — Chronic pancreatitis develops slowly with repeated inflammation damaging the pancreas. Signs may be more subtle, but the condition still requires medical attention.

What causes pancreatitis in pets?

Pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, including:

• Dietary indiscretion — Ingesting a high-fat meal, such as greasy table scraps or fatty cuts of meat, can lead to acute pancreatitis. A single indulgence in fatty foods can trigger an episode, especially in pets with a pancreatitis history.
• Obesity — Overweight pets are at higher risk for pancreatitis, because their fat metabolism is altered.
• Genetic predisposition — Some dog breeds, such as miniature schnauzers, Yorkshire terriers, and dachshunds, are at higher risk for pancreatitis. Cats can also develop pancreatitis, but the condition is not as common in felines.
• Trauma — Abdominal trauma, sometimes including surgical complications, can trigger pancreatic inflammation.
• Medications — Some medications, such as corticosteroids, certain antibiotics, and seizure medications, have been linked to pancreatitis.

What are pancreatitis signs in pets?

Pancreatitis can range from mild to severe, with signs that vary depending on severity. Dogs and cats typically present differently.

Signs in dogs include:

• Vomiting (often severe and frequent)
• Diarrhea
• Inappetence
• Abdominal pain
• Lethargy
• Fever
• Distended abdomen
• Difficulty breathing

Signs in cats, which can be harder to detect, may include:

• Lethargy
• Hiding
• Decreased appetite
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
• Diarrhea
• Decreased grooming

How is pancreatitis in pets treated?

Pancreatitis treatment mainly involves supportive care and may include:

• Intravenous (IV) fluids — Pets with pancreatitis often require IV fluids to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
• Pain management — Pancreatitis is painful, and your pet will need medications to alleviate their discomfort.
• Anti-nausea medications — Vomiting is a common sign of pancreatitis. Anti-nausea medications can help reduce nausea and encourage your pet to eat.
• Antibiotics — Antibiotics may be prescribed if your pet has complications or a secondary infection.
• Dietary changes — A low-fat, easily digestible diet is essential during your pet’s recovery. Your veterinarian may recommend feeding small, frequent meals until your pet’s digestive system heals. In some cases, your pet may need long-term management with a prescription diet.

How is pancreatitis in pets prevented?

Pancreatitis can’t be prevented in all pets, but ways to reduce your four-legged friend’s risk include:

• Don’t allow your pet access to high-fat foods.
• Feed your pet a well-balanced, veterinarian-recommended diet appropriate for their breed, age, and health condition.
• Measure your pet’s meal portions with a measuring cup or kitchen scale to avoid overfeeding.
• Keep your pet at a healthy weight.
• If your pet is on a medication linked to pancreatitis, talk to your veterinarian about potential risks and alternatives.

Pancreatitis is a serious condition, but knowing what triggers an episode can help you decrease your pet’s risk. If your pet develops GI upset after a holiday meal, contact your AAHA-accredited veterinarian.