What Dog Owners Need to Know About Canine Respiratory Infections

What are canine respiratory infections?

Respiratory infections are mild to severe illnesses that affect your dog’s nose, throat, and lungs. Some infections are contagious, meaning they can spread easily among dogs, especially in dog parks, boarding kennels, and grooming salons. The most common respiratory infection in dogs is canine infectious respiratory disease complex, also known as “kennel cough.”

What causes canine respiratory infections?

Several pathogens can cause respiratory infections in dogs, including:

• Viruses — Various viruses, including canine parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, and influenza virus, commonly cause respiratory infections in dogs.
• Bacteria — The bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica is a primary cause of kennel cough. Other bacteria can also cause respiratory system infections in dogs.
• Fungi — Though less common, certain fungi, such as Histoplasma and Coccidioides, can cause respiratory infections, particularly in areas where these fungi are prevalent.
• Irritants — Exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other irritants can damage the respiratory system and lead to infections.

What are signs of a canine respiratory infection?

Common signs that may indicate your dog has a respiratory infection include:

• Coughing — Coughing is the most common respiratory infection sign. The cough may sound dry, hacking, or productive (i.e., with mucus).
• Sneezing — Dogs may sneeze frequently if an infection affects their nasal passages.
• Runny nose or eyes — Discharge from the nose or eyes often signals a respiratory infection.
• Lethargy — Dogs affected by a respiratory infection often are more tired than usual and lack interest in their usual activities.
• Decreased appetite — If your dog is feeling unwell, they may not be much interested in food.
• Labored breathing or wheezing — In more severe cases, dogs may struggle to breathe or wheeze when they inhale.

If you notice these symptoms, especially a persistent cough or breathing difficulties, contact your veterinarian right away.

How are canine respiratory infections treated?

Treatment for a respiratory infection in dogs depends on the infection’s cause and severity. Potential treatments include:

• Rest and hydration — Dogs need rest to recover from illness. Keep your dog indoors, limit their activity until their condition improves, and ensure they have plenty of fresh water to stay hydrated.
• Antibiotics or antivirals — If bacteria are causing the infection, your veterinarian may prescribe an antibiotic. In viral cases, supportive care and antiviral medications may be prescribed.
• Cough suppressants or expectorants — If your dog has a persistent cough, your veterinary may recommend medications to ease the cough or help clear mucus from the lungs.
• Humidifiers and steam — Adding moisture to the air can help soothe your dog’s irritated throat and nasal passages.
• Isolation — If your dog’s infection is contagious, you will need to isolate them from other dogs to prevent disease spread.

How are canine respiratory infections prevented?

While some respiratory infections are unavoidable, you can take these steps to reduce your dog’s risk:

• Vaccination — Keeping your dog’s vaccinations up-to-date is one of the best ways to prevent infections such as kennel cough and canine influenza. Talk to your veterinarian about the right vaccines for your dog, especially if they spend time around other dogs.
• Exposure — Limit your dog’s access to areas such as dog parks and boarding facilities, where they are at increased risk for exposure to infectious agents.
• Diet and exercise — Feed a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and avoid stress to help keep your dog’s immune system strong.
• Hygiene — Wash your dog’s bedding, toys, and food dishes regularly to help minimize the spread of pathogens. Clean their paws after walks, especially if they’ve been in areas that other dogs frequent.

Canine respiratory infections can be uncomfortable for dogs and worrying for pet parents, but early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help ensure recovery without long-term issues. If your dog has signs of a respiratory infection, contact your AAHA-accredited veterinarian, so they can diagnose the problem and start an appropriate treatment plan.