What’s Wrong? Common Pet Pain Signs

Appetite changes

Decreased food or water intake can signal underlying pain. Pets may be uncomfortable chewing, swallowing, or lowering their head to their food and water bowls, or they may associate eating with nausea or abdominal pain. Decreased thirst or appetite, especially lasting more than a day, can be concerning and warrants a veterinary visit.

Limping, stiffness, or reluctance to move

Limping, favoring a limb, or stiffness when rising can indicate your pet has joint pain. These signs can be caused by an injury, arthritis, or orthopedic disease. If your pet is reluctant to move or avoids certain actions, such as climbing the stairs, jumping up or down, or walking across slick floors, they may be trying to prevent joint pain.

Unusual behavior or personality changes

Pain can cause noticeable changes in your pet’s personality or behavior. Some pets may become more withdrawn and avoid social contact. However, others may seem more irritable, fearful, or aggressive, or otherwise act out of character. Don’t punish your pet for behavioral or personality changes, as this can damage the bond you share with them. Instead, schedule an appointment with your veterinarian.

Increased vocalization

Unusual whining and whimpering in dogs or yowling in cats can suggest underlying pain. Painful pets may be frightened or confused about how they are feeling and seek attention through vocalization. While some pets are naturally more vocal, a sudden increase in whining or yowling—especially during physical interactions, such as petting or lifting—should be treated as potential pain signs.

Under- or over-grooming

Painful pets may over-groom a specific area, such as a joint, to alleviate discomfort or irritation. Other painful pets may stop grooming altogether or avoid certain areas—such as the mid back or between the hind legs—because they are uncomfortable and cannot reach the area. Increased and decreased grooming can also lead to secondary health concerns, such as skin infections and irritation.

Labored breathing

Labored breathing, panting out of context (i.e., your pet isn’t hot and hasn’t participated in physical activity), and unusual breathing patterns can signal pain. In some pets, labored breathing can indicate serious health problems, such as heart or lung disease. Because these conditions can progress rapidly, immediate veterinary attention is recommended for all pets with labored breathing.

Restlessness and fatigue

Painful pets may become restless and anxious as they struggle to get comfortable. These pets may pace, circle, or frequently change positions or locations. Alternatively, lethargy—or abnormally elevated sleeping habits—can also indicate pain. If your pet seems overly tired or agitated, they may be trying to manage hidden pain or discomfort.

Changes in how your pet stands, sits, or lies down

Pets, like us, will change their posture according to how they feel to avoid discomfort and protect any painful or weakened areas. Common posture changes include an arched or hunched back, tucked tail, sitting with one leg cocked to the side, flopping into a down position instead of gradually reclining, and struggling to transition from one position to another.

Pain doesn’t merely hurt—it affects your pet’s quality of life. Left untreated, chronic or ongoing pain can lead to harmful changes in your pet’s body and mind, resulting in significant—sometimes permanent—complications.

Since pets can’t tell us where they hurt, try to stay alert for pain signs and behavioral changes. If you think your pet may be in pain, visit your AAHA-accredited veterinarian for a comprehensive exam and pain evaluation.