Cold Safety for Pets

Limit time outside

All pets, including those with thick fur coats, are vulnerable to freezing temperatures. Pets left outside for extended periods are at risk for hypothermia and frostbite, especially on their ears, nose, and tail. Monitor your pet closely when outside and limit their time—for example, in extremely cold temperatures, take short, frequent walks with your dog rather than long excursions. For small-breed and older dogs, who are more cold-sensitive, consider carrying them outside for bathroom breaks to shorten their time in the cold as much as possible.

Recognize cold-related health problems

During extreme weather, pets are at risk for cold-related health issues, such as frostbite and hypothermia. Cold safety for pets involves recognizing the signs so you can address problems before significant damage occurs. Signs include:

• Frostbite — Frostbite occurs when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged from prolonged exposure to extreme cold and most commonly affects areas with less fur, such as the ears, tail, paws, and nose. Signs include shivering, skin discoloration, swelling, and pain when the affected area is touched. If you suspect your pet has frostbite, take them indoors immediately and gently warm the affected area with warm—never hot—water. Avoid rubbing or massaging the frostbitten area, which can further damage tissues. Seek veterinary care as soon as possible to prevent infection and assess the extent of the damage.
• Hypothermia — Hypothermia is a dangerous condition that occurs when a pet’s body temperature drops significantly below normal because of exposure to cold temperatures. Left untreated, the condition can affect organ function, lead to shock, and be life-threatening. Early signs include shivering, weakness, and pale or cool skin, and then lethargy, confusion, shallow breathing, and a slow heart rate as the hypothermia worsens. If you suspect your pet is hypothermic, take them inside immediately and wrap them in warm blankets. You can also use warm—not hot—water bottles wrapped in towels to help raise their temperature gradually. Consult your veterinarian as soon as possible to get further guidance and prevent complications.

Dress your pet for the weather

Many pets benefit from an extra layer in the winter. If your dog has short fur, such as a Chihuahua or greyhound, a sweater or jacket can make them much more comfortable outside. Ensure the coat fits well and covers their chest and back, but still allows them to move easily. Not every dog takes to clothing right away, so introduce sweaters or jackets gradually to help them adjust to the idea.

Protect your pet’s paws

Winter weather can be tough on your pet’s paws. Snow, ice, and rock salt can cause irritation and cracking, which is not only painful, but also increases your pet’s infection risk. After each walk, wipe their paws with a warm, damp cloth to remove chemicals and debris. Apply a pet-safe paw balm before going outside to create a protective barrier and help prevent dryness and cracking. Booties also are excellent for keeping paws warm and protected, if your pet will tolerate them.

Watch out for winter hazards

Winter brings unique dangers that are often overlooked when considering cold safety for pets. Antifreeze has a sweet smell that attracts pets but is toxic, so keep all antifreeze containers tightly sealed and clean up spills immediately. Snow-covered ground can also conceal hidden dangers, such as sharp objects or holes, so keep an eye on your pet as they explore the winter wonderland. If you’re near frozen lakes or ponds, leash your pet to prevent them from wandering on the ice, which may not be thick enough to support their weight.

Winter can be a fun and cozy season for you and your pet, but you must take extra care to ensure your four-legged friend’s safety and comfort. These few simple precautions can help your pet stay warm, healthy, and happy, no matter how low the temperature. If your pet experiences a cold-weather health issue, contact your AAHA-accredited veterinarian to ensure they receive the care they need.